Endodontic treatment, also known as root canal therapy, is a method applied to teeth that are decayed or infected. Not every decayed tooth requires a root canal; the procedure is usually performed when a filling is not sufficient, when infection is present, or when the tooth causes severe pain. Root canal therapy can also be considered the last step before extraction.
If dental decay is not treated in time, the cavity progresses deeper and causes inflammation of the nerves inside the tooth. This inflammation can lead to severe pain, discoloration of the tooth, and sensitivity to hot and cold. Teeth requiring root canal treatment often cause intense night-time pain. These throbbing pains sometimes continue without any relief.
The tooth consists of a hard outer enamel layer and an inner space extending along the root that contains blood vessels and nerves. The tissues that give the tooth vitality and life are located in the pulp inside this central space.
During root canal treatment, the soft tissue (pulp) and nerve inside the root canal are removed, the inside of the tooth is cleaned, and the empty space is filled with an artificial root filling material.
The removed nerve is not essential for the health or function of the tooth, but removing it prevents the severe pain caused by infection. The nerve is purely sensory and responsible for sensing heat and cold. A treated tooth loses vitality but continues its function by helping protect the surrounding bone and allowing chewing. However, non-vital teeth are more prone to fracture and discoloration, so a crown is recommended.
How is Root Canal Treatment Performed?
• An X-ray is taken first to determine the need for root canal treatment by evaluating decay depth and signs of infection.
• The area around the tooth is anesthetized with local anesthesia. In some cases, if the nerve is already dead, anesthesia may not be needed, but most dentists still use it for patient comfort.
• Keeping the tooth dry is essential. A rubber dam or cotton rolls are used to prevent saliva contamination.
• An access hole is opened to reach the root canal. Through this opening, infected tissue, pulp, and bacteria are removed using endodontic files.
• After cleaning, the canals are shaped using an endomotor device.
• The canal length is measured, and artificial filling materials are prepared.
• The canals are repeatedly cleaned, washed, and dried with thin cotton points.
• Finally, the canals are filled with artificial root canal material, and the upper filling is completed.
Aftercare Instructions
• Avoid biting hard foods until treatment is fully completed.
• Maintain daily oral hygiene by brushing twice a day gently.
• Use dental floss at least once a day to prevent further infection.
• Limit sticky and sugary foods temporarily.
• If the dentist prescribes medication or mouthwash, use it regularly.
Why is Root Canal Treatment Performed?
Root canal therapy is performed when the pulp or nerve is damaged due to advanced decay, fractures, or trauma. Bacteria accumulate inside the canal and lead to infection or abscess formation.
An abscess causes severe pain and swelling that may spread to the face, neck, or head, and can lead to bone loss around the root.
Quick treatment is crucial to maintain quality of life and prevent worsening pain, especially at night.
What if a Root-Canal-Treated Tooth Becomes Infected?
If infection develops after a previous root canal, retreatment may be performed if the infection is not advanced. Sometimes antibiotics are also recommended. Patients should visit an endodontist for proper evaluation.
Is There Pain After Root Canal Treatment?
Despite its reputation, root canal therapy is not more painful than a routine filling.
Any discomfort stems from the existing infection. Mild sensitivity for 2–3 days is normal and decreases with pain relievers.
How Long Does Healing Take?
Sensitivity may persist for a few days after completion. In infected cases, follow-up appointments are necessary to ensure healing.
Root Canal Treatment Prices
Root canal fees vary depending on the condition and number of canals. Each clinic has its own pricing policy, and microscope/endodontic expertise also affects cost.
Therefore, exact pricing can only be given after examination.
